If I
had to reduce evolution down to its most fundamental essence, I would
have to describe it as reproductive differential. Simply put,
whoever leaves the most offspring wins. It doesn't matter how strong
a creature is or how fast or how clever; if it doesn't leave any
offspring then its advantages die with it. If a creature is a good
enough hunter, fast enough to escape predators, and appealing enough
to attract a mate, then it will hopefully have offspring that will
inherit its advantages. The next generation begins the race anew.
The fit will live to reproduce; the unfit will die. Eventually, all
the characteristics not suited to a particular environment will be
removed from the population and the species will become well adapted
to its surroundings.
The
judge that helps decide who lives, who dies, and who's genes will be
passed along is a cruel mistress by the name of Natural Selection.
She's an impartial judge and is only concerned with one question:
does it work? Every detail of every creature is judged on how well
it works: the shape of its teeth, the color and length of its hair,
how fast it can run, how high it can jump, and even the shape of its
eyes will be judged. If a trait passes the test, the creature lives
to be tested again. Hopefully, it lives long enough to pass its
traits on to the next generation. If a feature fails, its host dies.
If the host died before leaving any offspring, then the unsuitable
trait died with it. The trials continue unceasingly: what works
lives – what doesn't work dies. Over time, natural selection works
remarkably well and a species becomes very well adapted to its
environment.
To
help visualize natural selection, I like to use the example of dogs.
Most people are familiar with dogs and know that they are a very
diverse group. Dogs can have long or short hair, be a variety of
colors, be sleek or muscular, and can range in size from the very
large mastiff to the very small chihuahua. Dogs represent a kind
that includes not only domestic dogs but also wolves, foxes, coyotes,
and dingos. Suppose I took a pack of mutts containing dogs of all
sorts, then released them into the wild. Natural selection would
immediately begin her work. The dogs that lacked the instinct or
ability to hunt would quickly starve. In a wooded environment, dogs
with brown fur might be better camouflaged which would help them
sneak up on prey or hide from larger predators (like pumas or bears).
In a snowy environment, lighter colored fur might be more
advantageous. Their hair must be long enough to give them warmth and
protect them from sun burn yet not so long as to overheat them or
harbor disease carrying insects. Their bodies should be large enough
for them to overpower prey but not so large as to require more food
than is available in that area. Everything about the dogs will be
tested: their sense of smell, their eyesight, their hearing, even the
shape of their ears. The dogs that have the features best suited for
that environment will tend to survive longer and have more pups; the
dogs not well suited to that environment will tend to die sooner and
have fewer pups.
Over
several generations an interesting thing occurs – the pups will all
begin to all look alike having similar size, hair length, color,
patterns, etc. When all the dogs possess enough traits in common
that they can be identified as belonging to the same group, we could
call it a new species.
When
species are adapted to their environment, they become specialized and
less diverse than their ancestors. While the dog-kind is very
diverse, dog breeds (like Irish Setters) or dog species (like Canis
lupus) all tend to look alike. Because breeds or species are
specialized, they are less able to adapt to new environments. A
snowy environment, for example, might prefer white hair. However, if
I released only Irish Setters into a snowy environment, they will
only have red pups and so could not adapt as well as a diverse pack
with lots of colors could.
This
is a limitation of natural selection. It can only test features
already present in a creature. Suppose I had released my
hypothetical pack into an environment containing a lot of blue. Blue
is fairly common in nature: there are blue plants, birds, insects,
reptiles, and fish. If the environment contained a lot of blue, a
blue dog might have an advantage. However, there are no blue dogs
and natural selection is not able to “add blue” to the features
it selects. Natural selection works only by quickly removing the
unfit from a population which allows the more fit to continue a
while. That's all it ever does.
This
is bad news for evolution. Evolutionists notoriously conflate
natural selection and evolution as though they are the same thing.
They are not. Here's a quote from Science
Daily that I've used on my blog before:
Countering
the widespread view of evolution as a process played out over the
course of eons, evolutionary biologists have shown that natural
selection can turn on a dime -- within months -- as a population's
needs change
Did
you notice how they shift from saying “evolution” to “natural
selection” in the same sentence? Whenever I cite this
quote, the correct response from honest evolutionists should be to
say that Science Daily should have been more careful with its
wording. Instead, they hem and haw and make excuses for Science
Daily. Have they no shame? Even though I know they know the
difference, they are so jealous of the term “natural selection”
that they cannot bring themselves to draw a clear line between it and
evolution. They prey on ignorance and want people to believe that
natural selection over time necessarily leads to evolution.
For
evolution to occur, a population must acquire traits. For something
like a reptile to become something like a dog, you would have to add
hair. The imagined first-ancestor-of-everything did not have hair.
Neither did it have feathers, gills, scales, skin, bark, bones,
blood, nor organs of any kind. Just think how many features one
would have to add to a bacterium to make it into a bird or birch. So
evolution demands that populations ACQUIRE traits while natural
selection can only REMOVE traits. Natural selection is the opposite
of evolution.
In
a recent post, I talked about “microevolution” and
“macroevolution.” In my example of dogs, there are some people
who would call natural selection acting on the traits present in the
pack, “microevolution.” If the pack eventually earned the
moniker of species, some people would say that's “macroevolution.”
It's a lie because these dogs have not evolved in the least since
nothing was added to the population. Evolutionists would have us
believe that evolution is “change,” these dogs “changed,”
therefore these dogs “evolved.” What's more, they argue that
over millions of years, these same types of changes could turn these
dogs into something that is not a dog! It's nonsense. It's
poppycock. It's foolishness! Creationists should not even give ear
to such ridiculous ideas and we certainly should not participate in
this lie by using these terms ourselves.
There
are many things that have been associated with evolution that really
have little to do with evolution. Evolutionists often invoke terms
like “natural selection,” “variation,” and “millions of
years.” While it's true that evolution requires these three
things, by themselves they could never lead to evolution. The only
leg upon which evolution could stand is “mutations.” Mutations
is the real hero of the evolutionary fairy tale. Mutations could
maybe turn a frog into a prince but natural selection and time
cannot.
I'm
going to talk about mutations more in another post. In the
meanwhile, creationists need to recognize the difference between
natural selection and speciation (which really occurs) and evolution
(which does not occur). We need to correct evolutionists who place a
false importance on some “change” observed in a population. And
we need to stop calling natural selection evolution.
Further
reading: